Cries for help rang out early Friday morning on Nov. 19 when a natural disaster caused a school bus to crash and topple over. As the scene played out, students来自休斯顿的Uthealth赶到田野以提供援助，并适当地对受害者进行分类。

Some of the “injured” howled for help, while others groaned that they were in pain at the Houston Fire Department’s Val Jahnke Training Facility.

值得庆幸的是，这次飓风和机动车事故只是第六次Uthealth休斯顿的一部分的模拟场景Center for Interprofessional CollaborationMass Casualty Incident Simulation. Volunteers in each scenario played victims to provide an educational training for students fromCizik School of Nursing at UTHealth Houston，，，，麦戈文医学院在休斯顿uthealth，，，，UTHealth School of Public Health，，，，andUthealth生物医学信息学。

在350名参与者中，有一半参加了上午的会议，下午一半参加了会议，因为限制每个会议的参与者人数对于确保每个人的安全至关重要。

The history of UTHealth Houston’s Mass Casualty Incident Simulation

“这项活动始于2005年卡特里娜飓风的后果，当时我意识到很少有人，不仅仅是护理或医疗专业人员，知道灾难发生时该怎么办，”多萝西·尼科尔森（Dorothy T. Nicholson）杰出的埃尔达·拉米雷斯（Elda Ramirez）Cizik护理学院的紧急创伤护士从业人员曲目教授兼主任，以及大规模伤亡事件事件演习的项目主任。“此活动的模型现在已被其他学校和消防部门用于培训学生和员工，以最适合紧急情况。”外围beplay

拉米雷斯（Ramirez）强调评估场景是学生和响应者在位置的不同方面，潜在的威胁和危害，资源的机会，伤亡人数及其严重性所必需的。

“当大量的人和受伤的人需要立即提供帮助时，学生将了解与这些高压力和悲惨事件打交道的框架和结构。疯狂有一种方法。”拉米雷斯说。

Deborah McCrea, EdD, MSN, RN, assistant professor of clinical nursing in the Department of Graduate Studies at Cizik School of Nursing and mass casualty incident event organizer, said the vision of this event was designed by an interprofessional team of faculty using grant funds from The University of Texas System.

麦克雷亚说：“休斯顿的乌西顿休斯顿与其他大学不同，通过与休斯顿消防局等社区合作伙伴寻求机会，为我们的学生提供最好的动手学习经验。”

该活动从第一年的75名学生参与者发展到现在大约有350名学生参与者，分为早晨和下午的模拟。

“跨专业教育对于不培训临床人员的学生很重要，例如与护理学院的学生一起参加此活动的生物医学信息学专业的学生。他们学会了一起工作，并在这样的事件中分类。”麦克雷亚说。

拉米雷斯（Ramirez）补充说，到达事件时，学生惊讶地看到情况升级。

“当您学习在练习大规模伤亡过程中的过程或帮助的模式时，如果您在现实生活中面对这种情况，那将是本能的。学生将学习如何相互合作，并共同找出解决方案。”拉米雷斯说。

Faculty perspective

This annual mass casualty incident drill presents UTHealth Houston students with a rare opportunity to learn with experienced faculty and staff by their side.

Jennifer Swails, MD, co-director of the Center for Interprofessional Collaboration at UTHealth Houston and program director of the internal medicine residency program at McGovern Medical School, commented on the openness to innovation that UTHealth Houston offers its students.

“We have been able to achieve so many teaching opportunities through simulation, just like what we are doing with this mass casualty incident,” said Swails.

“创新精神确实反映在我们的学生中。他们进入休斯顿消防局培训中心，能够学习新的角色，并发现如何应对他们甚至无法想象的紧急情况。我认为这在他们的医疗保健职业生涯中发挥了作用，因此他们能够很好地照顾患者。”

EMS奖学金计划主任兼麦戈文医学院急诊医学部院前与灾难医学部长兼院前与灾难医学部长凯文·舒尔茨（Kevin Schulz）的教师主持人凯文·舒尔茨（Kevin Schulz），观看每个小组的学生都会通过练习进行锻炼，然后引用了什么，并引用了什么，引用了什么，引用了什么。做得很好，以及改善响应的方法。

“This event is an example to take growing professionals and students and give them a taste of emergency situations, such as natural disaster or active shooter incidents, outside of a hospital or clinical setting,” said Schulz. “This is not easy even for professionals who do this all the time. I’m impressed with the students’ ability to learn and grow just in the couple of hours they have been participating in this mock incident.”

舒尔茨对学生的主要建议是保持冷静，保持安全，并在结构和专业响应者现场工作。

“The key takeaways the students learned included the chaos of a scene like this with multiple casualties, when information isn’t established up front, and the first 15-30 minutes where they are creating their structure is the most crucial,” said Schulz, who also serves as assistant EMS medical director for the Houston Fire Department.

Schulz added that UTHealth Houston is a leader in all aspects of medical training and the collaborations that are built, out in the field and across Houston, make for better patient care in the hospital and clinics, ultimately making a difference within the community.

组织者说，这些方案旨在促进学习不同医学学科的学生之间的合作。

Student perspective

学生第一次到达现场时表达了震惊。一旦他们开始组织资源，学生就开始介入领导角色，并意识到他们已经从研究中获得了许多知识来取得成功。

志愿者的学生扮演受害者，并配有精心设计的舞台化妆，称为Moulage，由教职员工协调，以及医学院和护理学校的工作人员。

大多数受害者都表现出创伤性伤害，其中蜕皮的碎屑模拟了肉体中的飞行碎片。其他造成的伤害是血液或烧伤，并带有剥皮的皮肤和假肢。

Students quickly assessed the severity of more than 50 victims’ injuries. The Harris County Institute for Forensic Sciences was on hand to help transport the “dead” to makeshift morgues while students prioritized the triage of survivors to three staged hospitals.

成功进行分类后，幸存者被运送到临时医院，学生评估了受伤的严重程度，并优先考虑有限的医院病床。

First-year nursing students Jaren Salazar and Sofia Calderon said they learned about themselves during the exercise.

“这是一次很棒的学习经历，对我来说很有帮助。只要看我的同学经历这种情况，我就会感到更好。”萨拉萨尔说。“我们在休斯顿的Uthealth拥有很棒的临床经验，我非常感谢有机会与该机构一起学习。我喜欢与人合作，我觉得医疗保健是回馈您社区的好方法。”

萨拉萨（Salazar）继续说：“我想做更多的模拟型活动，例如此活动。很容易在教科书中阅读这些方案，但是每当您亲自看到它时，它确实是有益的，并创造了作为学生的更有意义的经历。”

卡尔德隆补充说：“我很高兴参加今天的培训。我了解到回应这些情况有很多。在进入这种情况之前，我们观看的视频使我们了解了期望的事，但是没有什么比出来看到所有活动部件并参与动手实践的经验更能为您做准备的了。”

Both students said they learned from watching and working with their peers.

卡尔德隆说：“我最大的教训是，通过评估，警觉和关注细节，快速有效地移动的重要性是多么重要。”

Cizik护理学院二年级学生Darren Chai说，他想起了放心害怕或不知所措的患者的重要性。

“我了解到，这些类型的情况可能是混乱的，有时可能很难井井有条。今天，参与者在应对局势，分类和稳定受害者方面做得很好。”柴说。“用铅笔'刺穿'我的眼睛，学生们确保我能听到他们的声音，因为我看不到。这是一个很好的例子，就是要注意他们正在倾向于的患者，并帮助他们感到舒适并在原本可怕的情况下建立信任。”

Chai added, “Working with the community and having different parts come together for an event like this is meaningful and important for our city.”

Many students expressed a newfound confidence after the scenario began and they were launched into having to find solutions to save lives.

Caroline Macmillan, first-year nursing student, was seen in “critical condition” being rolled into an ambulance before being transported to one of the hospitals of the simulation.

“这种情况反映了我们的合作能力，并展示了不同专业的学生如何在一起。Going into the ambulance and being carried on the stretcher is all new to me, and I had my eyes closed so I couldn’t see what was happening but I could hear the students working together around me to get me situated where I needed to go,” said Macmillan.

麦克米伦补充说：“休斯顿的乌西卫生对让学生成功充满热情。他们超越了，为我们创造了在课堂和教室外学习的机会。教职员工非常关心，他们继续培养伟大的护士。我绝对为成为那些护士之一而感到自豪。”

结束语

Swails感谢大型团队的学生、老师，，，，and staff for their time, involvement, and dedication to making the scenarios feel real.

“I am so grateful to the students for participating. The faculty enjoy this event just as much as they do, and it’s a rewarding experience for us all,” said Swails.

Ramirez added, “Even though this is fun, dramatic, and exciting in this practice simulation, it is very serious when this happens in real life and the skills learned today will aid our students in being better prepared health professionals in the future, ultimately saving lives.”