Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN)
What is Trigeminal Neuralgia?
三叉神经痛（TN或TIC DoulouReux）是一种慢性神经系统疾病，影响三叉神经，即第五个颅神经，导致严重的面部疼痛。TN1是最常见的疾病形式，导致极端，燃烧或冲击样的面部疼痛，持续几秒钟到每集几分钟。攻击可能会迅速连续发生，在持续两个小时的事件中。TN2的特征是恒定的酸痛，燃烧，刺伤强度低于TN1。
一个人可能同时经历两种类型的三叉神经痛。通常只有脸的一侧受到影响。在极少数情况下，面部的双方可能会在不同的时间受到影响。在极少数情况下，面部的双方都受到同时的影响，称为双侧TN。TN的强度使其在身体和精神上使人虚弱。
The painful episodes caused by trigeminal neuralgia typically become progressively worse. TN occurs in both men and women, but it is more common in women over the age of 50. The condition is not life-threatening, but can seriously impact quality of life. Many people with TN report symptoms of extreme anxiety and depression because of the severe pain and unpredictability of attacks.
About the host: Dr. Dong Kim is a neurosurgeon and professor at the Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery at UTHealth. View his presentation of the signs, symptoms and treatment options for trigeminal neuralgia (TN).
Causes of Trigeminal Neuralgia
TN is usually caused by a blood vessel pressing on the trigeminal nerve as it leaves the brain stem. TN symptoms can also occur in people with multiple sclerosis, or a nerve injury. In rare cases, TN may be caused by nerve compression from a tumor or an arteriovenous malformation. The trigeminal nerve may also be injured by sinus surgery, oral surgery, facial trauma, or stroke.
Symptoms of Trigeminal Neuralgia and Diagnosis
TN is marked by sudden, severe spasms of stabbing or electric shock-type pain on one side of the face that lasts for several seconds up to a few minutes. The pain often begins around the eye, cheek, or lower part of the face and affects the eyes, jaw, and mouth, which leads many patients to think they have a dental problem. Other symptoms may include numbness, tingling or a burning sensation in the face, and facial contortion.
可以触发TN大笑,drinking, chewing, brushing teeth, talking, or touching the face. The onset of a TN episode is unpredictable and followed by a period of time without pain, which usually lessens as the condition progresses. Many individuals avoid social contacts in fear of suffering an attack.
三叉神经痛的诊断是基于病史，症状的描述以及身体和神经系统检查，以排除其他导致面部疼痛的疾病。这些疾病包括爆发带状疱疹，簇头痛和颞下颌关节障碍后的神经疼痛。由于可能导致面部疼痛的大量疾病，因此很难诊断。您的医生会要求您进行MRI扫描以排除肿瘤或多发性硬化症，并可能检查您对某些药物的短期治疗的反应以进行准确的诊断。
Advanced Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia
The most common treatments to relieve trigeminal neuralgia are anticonvulsant medications, used to block nerve firing, and muscle relaxants. If that doesn’t work, or the side effects are too harsh, then a surgery, Microvascular Decompression, or Gamma Knife®stereotactic radiosurgery can alleviate the pain.
Because chronic pain can be isolating and depressing, some patients benefit from supportive counseling or therapy. Others manage TN using complementary techniques such as yoga, visualization, meditation, aromatherapy, acupuncture, biofeedback and nutrition therapy.肉毒杆菌毒素A（肉毒杆菌毒素®)注射以阻止感觉神经的活动可能有助于缓解某些人的疼痛。
Uthealth Neurosciences的面部疼痛和头痛诊所汇集了一个由董事会认证的，受过奖学金培训的神经外科医生，神经病学家，研究人员和疼痛管理专家组成的多学科团队，他们共同努力甚至为最复杂的问题提供救济。beplay苹果手机能用吗患有偏头痛，簇头痛，三叉神经痛，下半痉挛，松果囊肿和其他疾病的人受益于协作，高度专业的专业知识，专注于管理慢性头痛和脸部疼痛。
What You Can Expect at UTHealth Neurosciences
在Uthealth神经科学，神经科医生，神经外科医生，介入疼痛管理专家，神经肿瘤学家，放射性肿瘤学家和神经病理学家共同努力确定每个患者需求的护理，讨论治疗方案。这种方法可以节省我们的患者时间和金钱，并允许我们的专家分享彼此的见解，从而提供更好的治疗决策和结果。
We first investigate options for nonsurgical treatment, including medical management, pain management, physical therapy, rehabilitation, and watchful waiting. When surgery is needed, our neurosurgeons routinely employ innovative minimally invasive techniques. Throughout the treatment process, our team works closely with the doctor who referred you to ensure a smooth transition back to your regular care plan. While you are with us, you can expect expert care, excellent communication, and genuine compassion.
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