孕产妇心理健康意识月
Written by: Kimberly Samuels, PhD
五月是母亲的心理健康月，我们将重点放在提高对心理健康的认识和怀孕期间母亲的福祉以及分娩后不久的时间。“婴儿布鲁斯”，通常用来描述交付后的第一天的间歇性，忧虑，烦躁，疲劳或情绪低落的时期非常普遍；多达80％的妇女报告出现了诸如她们身体之类的症状，分娩后的身体调整。虽然“婴儿蓝调”经常在分娩后的几周内自行消退，但这些感觉可能会让新妈妈，尤其是那些一直期待着婴儿到来的人。
Less talked about, one in seven women experience significant symptoms of depression or anxiety during their pregnancy or in the year following delivery, and about 20% of women meet the criteria for postpartum depression. Of the women meeting the criteria for postpartum depression, approximately 66% also experience anxiety disorders (Wisner, et al, 2013; Davis, 2020). Symptoms frequently described include feeling disconnected from their loved ones, including their new baby; sadness; changes in sleep beyond what is normal with a new baby at home; crying spells; and feeling inadequate. Other symptoms include intrusive, negative thoughts; worrying excessively about their baby’s safety; feeling overwhelmed/out of control; panic attacks; and irritability. Some women have thoughts that their families would be better without them, and unfortunately, suicide is one of the top causes of maternal death. Postpartum psychosis, a condition in which women experience delusional thoughts or hallucinations, is documented in a very small percentage of women- approximately one to two out of every 1,000 new mothers (Wisner, et al, 2013; Davis, 2020). A history of trauma, young or advanced maternal age, high levels of stress, lack of a support system, or a history of mental illness increase the likelihood of postpartum depression, anxiety, or other mental health symptoms. Difficult pregnancies, deliveries, and newborn babies are also potential risk factors.
由于数字如此之高,你可能想知道为什么not heard more from others close to you who have struggled during the perinatal period. Statistically, most of us have had friends, a sister, a mother, neighbors, or co-workers who have suffered from some sort of emotional health challenge during pregnancy or shortly afterwards. Barriers to talking about these issues include feeling too embarrassed, ashamed, or guilty to open up about their experience. We may have endured it ourselves and not talked about it for the same reasons. Clearly, these are frequent occurrences that need to be talked about more.
当前的COVID-19大流行使怀孕/分娩/新母亲经历更加复杂。这个健康问题正在重塑许多新妈妈的预期经历，并导致压力，悲伤和焦虑。社会疏远，是“新常态”，使围产期母亲更复杂的其他人获得帮助。期望母亲可能会因为错过大型淋浴或聚会而感到难过，以庆祝即将到来的出生。母亲可能会遇到与即将到来的分娩有关的恐惧，想知道她想参加的那些人是否会被允许访问，或者甚至可能被迫没有指定的分娩伙伴而被迫交付。母亲可能会感到压力，要向朋友/家人介绍他们的婴儿，但会感到不舒服，让她的婴儿向家庭外的人露面。随着越来越多的人被解雇或休假，家庭可能会面临财务困难。随着世界各地与Covid-19有关的焦虑，我们目前都易感的相同压力源使围产期人口特别脆弱。
那么，期待和新妈妈会做什么？
- 请记住，即使感觉像它，您并不孤单！许多妇女遇到情感健康挑战，这并不意味着你是虚弱的，也不是你不是一个好母亲。
- Remember that this is temporary, and with help and time, you will feel better again.
- 对您的医疗提供者，尤其是您的OB/GYN对您的感受保持开放和诚实。他们经过培训，可以聆听，向您保证，并将您推荐给可以在需要时提供帮助的人。
- Consider attending a support group for new mothers. Postpartum Support International has online groups available.
- 与可信赖的爱人和家人交谈。告诉他们您的感受以及您从中需要什么。
- Sleep, as difficult as it can be to obtain after having a new baby, can make a huge difference. Ask your support network to watch your baby so you can get some rest.
- 从事自我保健。去外面散步。通过电话与您的朋友交谈。设立一个变焦会议。吃营养餐。避免咖啡因。请记住，当我们照顾好自己时，我们的心态更高，可以照顾我们所爱的人。
- 按照您的提供者的建议，请考虑咨询和/或药物治疗症状。即使在Covid-19期间，心理和精神病治疗也是一种选择。许多提供商甚至提供远程医疗约会，因此您可以更愿意坚持社交疏远的建议。在乌干达医生，我们的心理健康提供者接受了培训，可以帮助患者在怀孕期间，分娩后的一年患心理健康症状，以及与生育困难和妊娠丧失有关的症状。