Important Information about Bacterial Meningitis
此信息正在德克萨斯州的所有新大学生提供。细菌性脑膜炎是一种严重的，可能致命的疾病，可以非常快地进展 - 因此要谨慎行事。它是围绕大脑和脊髓的膜的炎症。引起脑膜炎的细菌也会感染血液。这种疾病每年袭击约3,000名美国人，其中包括大学校园的100-125次，每年在大学生中导致5-15例死亡。有一种治疗方法，但是那些生存的人可能会出现严重的健康问题或残疾。
什么是症状？
- High fever
- Rash or purple patches on skin
- 光灵敏度
- Confusion and sleepiness
- 昏睡
- 严重的头痛
- 呕吐
- Stiff neck
- Nausea
- Seizures
There may be a rash of tiny, red-purple spots caused by bleeding under the skin. These can occur anywhere on the body.
症状越多,风险越高,所以当these symptoms appear seek immediate medical attention.
细菌性脑膜炎如何诊断？
- Diagnosis is made by a medical provider and is usually based on a combination of clinical symptoms and laboratory results from spinal fluid and blood tests.
- 早期诊断和治疗可以大大提高恢复的可能性。
HOW IS THE DISEASE TRANSMITTED?
- The disease is transmitted when people exchange saliva (such as by kissing, or by sharing drinking containers, utensils, cigarettes, toothbrushes, etc.) or come in contact with respiratory or throat secretions.
HOW DO YOU INCREASE YOUR RISK OF GETTING BACTERIAL MENINGITIS?
- Exposure to saliva by sharing cigarettes, water bottles, eating utensils, food, kissing, etc.
- 生活在近距离的条件下（例如在宿舍或集体住宅中共享房间/套房）。
WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES OF THE DISEASE?
- Death (in 8 to 24 hours from perfectly well to dead)
- Permanent brain damage
- Kidney failure
- Learning disability
- 听力损失，失明
- Limb damage (fingers, toes, arms, legs) that requires amputation
- 坏疽
- Coma
- Convulsions
CAN THE DISEASE BE TREATED?
- Antibiotic treatment, if received early, can save lives and chances of recovery are increased. However, permanent disability or death can still occur.
- 可以使用疫苗，应考虑：
那些住在近距离的人
College students 25 years old or younger
- Vaccinations are effective against 4 of the 5 most common bacterial types that cause 70% of the disease in the U.S. (but does not protect against all types of meningitis).
- Vaccinations take 7-10 days to become effective, with protection lasting 3-5 years.
- The cost of vaccine varies, so check with your health care provider.
- 疫苗接种非常安全 - 最常见的副作用是注射部位的发红和轻微的疼痛长达两天。
- 疫苗接种可在Hermann Professional Building，Suite 1200（2002年2月之前）或Suite 1010（2002年2月之后）的UT-HOSTON Student Health Services，套房提供疫苗接种，费用为75美元。
我如何找到更多信息？
- Contact your own health care provider.
- 请致电713-500-5171与您的学生健康中心联系。
- 请与您的本地或地区德克萨斯州卫生局联系：
H. Mark Guidry, MD, MPH
Public Health Regional Director
Judith Morris, Acting Deputy Reg. Dir. for Admin.
Regional Headquarters Houston
5425 Polk，Suite J
休斯顿，德克萨斯州77023
713/767-3000
传真713/767-3049
Contact web sites: http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html; www.acha.org