垂体肿瘤

什么是垂体肿瘤？

当细胞在垂体的组织中异常生长时，垂体肿瘤会发展出来，垂体的组织是鼻子后方的大脑中心的豌豆大小的腺体。垂体腺激素控制体内许多其他腺体的功能。尽管大多数垂体肿瘤是良性的（非癌性），但它们会由于随着周围神经而增加的压力，或者导致激素过量或生产不足的激素而导致健康问题。

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垂体肿瘤可能无功能或功能。无功能垂体肿瘤不会产生额外的激素。功能性垂体肿瘤的产生超过一种或多种激素的正常量。大多数垂体肿瘤正在发挥肿瘤，产生额外的激素，引起体征和症状。

There are three groups of pituitary tumors. Benign (noncancerous) pituitary adenomas grow very slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body. Invasive pituitary adenomas (malignant) may spread to the bone of the skull or the sinus cavities. Pituitary carcinomas are rare malignant tumors that can spread to other areas of the brain or spine.

What You Can Expect at UTHealth Neurosciences

在Uthealth神经科学，神经科医生，神经外科医生，介入疼痛管理专家，神经肿瘤学家，放射性肿瘤学家和神经病理学家共同努力确定每个患者需求的护理，讨论治疗方案。这种方法可以节省我们的患者时间和金钱，并允许我们的专家分享彼此的见解，从而提供更好的治疗决策和结果。

我们first investigate options for nonsurgical treatment, including medical management, pain management, physical therapy, rehabilitation, and watchful waiting. When surgery is needed, our neurosurgeons routinely employ innovative minimally invasive techniques. Throughout the treatment process, our team works closely with the doctor who referred you to ensure a smooth transition back to your regular care plan. While you are with us, you can expect expert care, excellent communication, and genuine compassion.

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Causes of Pituitary Tumors

垂体肿瘤没有已知的特定原因，尽管研究表明，这些类型的肿瘤发生在遗传性疾病的患者中，例如多种内分泌肿瘤1型综合征，Carney Cbeplay苹果手机能用吗omplex和Carney Complex和孤立的家族性肢端肿瘤。

垂体肿瘤的早期迹象

根据肿瘤的类型，症状可能首先是激素差异，或者是肿瘤生长或两者兼而有之的神经压缩。它们可能突然出现或随着时间的推移逐渐出现。

Signs and symptoms of a nonfunctioning pituitary tumor may include headache; some loss of vision; loss of body hair; less frequent menstrual periods in women; loss of facial hair, growth of breast tissue, and impotence in men; lower sex drive; and slowed growth and sexual development in children.

When a functioning pituitary tumor makes extra hormones, the signs and symptoms depend on the hormone produced.

Too much prolactin may cause headache, some loss of vision, less frequent or no menstrual periods, trouble becoming pregnant, impotence in men, and lowered sex drive.

过多的ACTH（肾上腺皮质激素激素）可能会引起头痛。有些视力丧失；体重在身体的面部，颈部和躯干上增加，手臂和腿部薄；脖子后部有一团脂肪；容易瘀伤；脸部，上背部或手臂上细头发的生长；和/或焦虑，烦躁和抑郁。

过多的生长激素可能会引起头痛。有些视力丧失；在成年人中，骨头，手和脚的生长（肢端肥大）；在儿童中，身体可能比正常人高得多。手和手指的刺痛或麻木；关节疼痛;出汗过多；和/或对身体一个或多个部分（畸形恐惧症）的极端不喜欢或关注。

过多的甲状腺刺激激素可能会导致不规则的心跳，摇晃，体重减轻，睡眠麻烦，频繁的排便和出汗。

垂体肿瘤的其他一般症状可能包括恶心和呕吐，混乱，头晕，癫痫发作以及脑脊液周围周围的脑脊液和脊髓泄漏到鼻子时引起的流鼻涕。

Diagnosis

To diagnose a pituitary tumor, your neurological team will do a physical exam, eye exam, and neurological exam and complete medical history. You will be asked to have an MRI scan, blood chemistry study, and blood test. You may be asked to collect urine for 24 hours to measure the amount of certain substances in your body; a higher than normal amount of cortisol may be a sign of a pituitary tumor and Cushing syndrome. Your team may also order other more specialized tests to measure the level of cortisol in your body.

治疗

每个患者的治疗选择都是独特的，并且根据肿瘤的大小和位置以及患者的年龄，整体健康和其他因素而有所不同。一些肿瘤可能需要注意等待，专家会随着时间的推移跟踪增长。

通常，有四种治疗方法可用于垂体肿瘤。许多肿瘤可以通过微创手术或颅骨切开术来清除，这是通过颅骨开口进行的手术。

For invasive pituitary adenomas and pituitary carcinomas, which are cancerous, more than one treatment will likely be recommended to you, including surgery, radiation therapy, targeted drug therapy, or chemotherapy.

神经科医生，神经外科医生，神经肿瘤学家，放射肿瘤学家和神经病理学家在肿瘤板审查中每周深度讨论病例。作为团队的工作确保每个患者都从全面的专业知识和最佳治疗方案中受益，包括在临床试验中测试的新药物疗法和免疫疗法。

常见问题：关于垂体肿瘤的常见问题

什么是垂体肿瘤？

垂体肿瘤是头骨底部的豌豆大小垂体上的异常细胞生长，在鼻桥后面约3.5英寸。大多数垂体肿瘤都是良性的，因此不是癌性。但是，它们可以通过紧迫神经或干扰激素产生来引起健康问题。在大多数情况下，它们不会引起症状，并且在针对其他疾病的测试中检测到。

什么是垂体？

This important gland, sometimes referred to as the “master gland,” is located in the base of the brain and produces hormones that control several bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, sexual maturation, reproduction, and blood pressure. While it is small, the pituitary gland influences nearly every part of your body.

How are pituitary tumors treated?

Because pituitary tumors are benign, we can often just monitor small ones. Some patients have pituitary tumors that grow and press on the nerves that control vision. In those cases, treatment would be recommended. Patients sometimes discover pituitary tumors because vision loss prompts them to visit an eye doctor, who diagnoses the tumor.

对于分泌催乳素的垂体肿瘤，药物可能是最好的选择，但是对于大多数其他垂体肿瘤，手术是最好的选择。一些垂体肿瘤也可能需要通过放射线或放射外科治疗，但这通常是根据需要保留用于二次治疗的。

手术需要什么？

我们经常使用手术去除大型垂体肿瘤，以减轻可能导致视力丧失的光神经的压力。在许多情况下，我们可以使用微创技术。这是一个相对较低的风险操作，可以通过使用摄像机将鼻子穿过蝶窦进行。因为没有任何实际切口，所以疼痛减轻，康复速度更快。也需要辐射的患者能够更快地开始。在其他情况下，神经外科医生可能会通过颅骨或口腔或鼻子进行手术。

手术可以治愈我吗？

This is a tough question and depends on whether your tumor can be resected completely. Even when it is, we still need to follow-up with imaging after surgery to make sure the tumor doesn’t return.

有时无法完全切除肿瘤，在那些情况下，我们可能会简单地观察残留肿瘤，以确保其不会继续生长。在某些情况下，手术后将使用辐射，以确保生长的机会仍然很小。

If my tumor is small and doesn’t need surgery, should I still see a surgeon?

让外科医生监视您的病情是理想的选择。即使肿瘤是良性的，仍然需要遵循它，以确保不会引起问题，包括视力丧失。

您经常进行此手术吗？

We do this procedure so frequently at UTHealth that we developed a team of doctors that includes ENT and Endocrinology for our patients to receive the best care possible.

脑肿瘤类型

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在Uthealth神经科学，我们为大休斯顿地区诊所的患者提供了患者的专门神经护理。要问我们一个问题，安排约会或了解有关垂体肿瘤和视力变化诊所的更多信息，请致电（713）486-8000，或单击下面向我们发送消息。如果发生紧急情况，请致电911或去最近的急诊室。

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