一种新型的淋巴成像系统和一个以疾病为中心的治疗团队改善头颈癌的生存


August 20, 2016

口咽癌仍然相对罕见,但是与人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)相关的癌症正在上升。凯利·琼斯(Kelly Jones)在这种相对较新的口咽癌患者类别中以典型案例出现:一名43岁的非吸烟者先前未诊断的HPV感染。2013年,他注意到一个颈部肿块证明了活检的恶性肿瘤。现在,两年半后,跨性机器人手术(TOR),化学疗法和放射疗法后,琼斯治愈了。

What is atypical about his case is his participation in a one-of-a-kind study of the workings of the lymphatic system in head and neck cancer patients, currently under way at Memorial Hermann-Texas Medical Center and University of Texas the John P. and Kathrine G. McGovern Medical School at Houston. Jones’ participation, along with that of 19 other patients, has allowed physicians to use a novel lymphatic imaging system to guide lymphedema treatment and improve quality of life in head and neck cancer survivorship. Patients also benefit from access to a multidisciplinary, disease-focused treatment team that provides the full spectrum of care, from in-office diagnosis and surgery to cancer rehabilitation and support for return to the community.

NIR概念

After Jones found a neck mass in June 2013, an ENT in Deer Park, TX, referred him to Ron Karni, MD, who specializes in TORS and is chief of the division of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at the McGovern Medical School. During the office visit, Dr. Karni performed an ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy. Further evaluation confirmed a WHO Stage 4 squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil and tongue that had spread to the lymph nodes in the neck.

琼斯说:“当我发现肿块时,我的感觉很差。”“但是我希望得到更好的消息。我们很乐观。他在我的脖子上插了一根针,并确认了我的怀疑。在描述了横向机器人手术的好处并解释了琼斯在手术和放射治疗后可以期待什么之后,卡尼博士问他是否愿意参加临床试验以帮助研究人员,在那一刻,您的生活永远改变了。beplay苹果手机能用吗获取有关治疗对淋巴系统影响的新信息,目的是提高道路生活质量。琼斯是最早参加该研究的患者之一,该研究是由德克萨斯州癌症预防研究所(CPRIT)的赠款资助的。

该赠款是授予布朗基金会分子医学研究所的分子医学教授兼金德主席的首席研究员伊娃·塞维克(Eva Sevick)博士,以预防人类疾病,其研究团队适应了军方用于可视化工作的夜间goggle技术。beplay苹果手机能用吗头颈癌患者的淋巴系统。Karni博士兼研究工程师Ibeplay苹果手机能用吗-Chih Tan博士是该试验的共同研究者。

塞维克博士说:“通过以新的方式调整红外夜间舞蹈技术,我们可以看到动物或人类从未见过的事物。”“当我们第一次看到它起作用时,我们想,‘尤里卡!实际上,我们正在看到淋巴系统在生物中的工作。’”

Sevick博士率先开发了用于分子成像的近红外(NIR)荧光光学成像和断层扫描。在CPRIT资助的研究中,她和Tan博士采用了夜行技术,并将其开发到了探测器中 - 一种非常小的设备,它使用电荷耦合设备(CCD),类似于数码相机中的芯片。

他们还开发了荧光的新染料。她说:“近红外光通过几厘米的组织传播。”“这是不可接受的,没有放射性。如果我们注入了一点点荧光染料,它将被淋巴系统吸收,使我们能够看到淋巴管片段的实时脉动,就像小心脏一样,它们在体内泵送淋巴。根据我们在临床试验中发现的发现,我们希望能够以更有效的方式成功治疗头颈癌,从而改善患者的整体生活质量。”

像其他进行了研究的患者一样,琼斯在卡尼博士办公室进行手术前成像,使用塞维克博士实验室中开发的技术。手术后,放射疗法和每三个月在开始治疗后每三个月进行一次近红外荧光快照。

“We inject a dye that’s taken up by the lymphatics and illuminate it with a laser diode, which excites the dye and causes it to fluoresce,” Dr. Sevick says. “We can collect the very dim fluorescence with our military-grade technology and then watch how the lymphatics move.”

Jones found the experience fascinating. “You sit in a big dentist chair and get comfortable,” he says. “They take several snapshots of your face and side views using a camera with a telephoto lens and fancy attachments hooked to a computer screen. The doctor comes in and injects you with dye in eight or 10 spots around the neck, ears and cheeks and then monitors the flow with the equipment. It took about an hour each time. I could look at the computer screen and see the lymph pumping. It was cool to watch.”

Following treatment for head and neck cancer, 50 percent of patients suffer profound lymphedema, swelling due to blockage of the lymph vessels that drain fluid from tissues throughout the body and allow immune cells to travel where they are needed. “During treatment for head and neck cancer, the lymphatic system receives three types of injuries,” Dr. Karni says. “The first is caused by the tumor itself, which infiltrates the lymph system and impedes circulation. Surgery to remove all the lymph nodes in the neck is an assault on the body. The third injury is radiation. Almost all patients with advanced head and neck cancer receive radiation therapy, which seals the lymphatics. Patients undergoing treatment for head and neck cancer usually have fibrosis, very limited movement of the head and neck and lymphedema, which causes debilitation and deformity. We don’t know exactly why the lymph vessels stop pumping.”

琼斯是病人遭受了lymphede之一ma after treatment. “I told Dr. Karni at the beginning that it wouldn’t phase me,” he says. “I race motocross and I’ve broken bones. I can take pain. But this was the toughest thing I’ve ever done. I lost my beard, and the turkey neck was very frustrating. I had to learn to swallow again. Dr. Karni told me I just had to be patient–that I would get through it–and I did.”

琼斯在2014年冬季完成了他与塞维克博士的最后一项研究。“我们学到了很多观看凯利颈部变化的淋巴管,”卡尼博士说。“通常它们以可靠的方式流动,但是在放射疗法之后,我们可以看到皮肤回流。如果手动排水朝错误的方向进行,治疗师基本上给患者提供了很好的按摩,但没有真正治疗病情。通过了解每个患者的淋巴模式,我们可以为淋巴水肿提供更好的治疗方法。”

They also discovered that lymphedema typically occurs about six weeks after radiation therapy. “We expect to get a treasure trove of data about how lymphatic pathways reorient around the surgical and radiation site,” Dr. Karni says. “If all this works as well as we think it will, we’ll be better able to stage head and neck cancer. If we can ultimately identify the lymph nodes that are cancer positive, remove them and leave the others, we may become more efficient at treatment and reduce the risk of lymphedema.”

研究人员beplay苹果手机能用吗还想了解为什么一半接受过头颈癌治疗的患者会患上淋巴水肿,而一半则没有。所有接受放射疗法的研究受试者的淋巴管都发生了巨大变化,但并非所有研究都会出现淋巴水肿。
Sevick博士认为,这项研究对其他类型的癌症患者也有影响。她说:“这对我们来说是一个不可思议的机会,可以影响癌症幸存者的生活。”“由于HPV,头颈癌的发生率正在增加。我们看到年轻和年轻的患有这种疾病的人,由于疾病而失去生产力会产生重大的经济影响。我们正在努力减轻生存疾病。”

male patientSevick博士和Karni博士都指出,直到最近,头部和颈部癌症生存问题一直被忽视。卡尼博士说:“随着我们在治愈癌症方面变得更加有效,我们必须开始研究治疗的后果。”“我们的患者治愈了,但是患有淋巴水肿的人非常昂贵,而且人们常常不知道该去哪里寻求帮助。我们希望患者知道,如果他们早点接受淋巴水肿的治疗,甚至在进行手术和放射之前,他们就会有更好的结果。”
为此,卡尼博士与麦戈文医学院物理医学和康复系的临床助理教授,蒂尔尔纪念馆赫曼(Hermann)的临床助理教授,与癌症康复专家CarolinaGutiérrez建立了关系。两位医生与诊所一起在诊所看到患者一年多,医学博士Tang Ho,他是面部塑料和重建手术的负责人,也是Otorhinolaryngology-negoloyngology-Head and Neck Surgery系的助理教授。

Gutiérrez博士说:“当我们看到一名癌症患者时,我们非常意识到,我们正在看到一个拥有诊断和治疗的人的人。”“在一次会议上,我对整个人进行了基线评估,并进行了预先居住的推荐,以优化结果并帮助改善治疗后的生活质量。患者是否被剥离?那些可能想启动锻炼计划来帮助疲劳的人。他们抽烟并想退出吗?我们可以将它们与他们需要的资源联系起来。除疲劳外,头颈癌患者辐射的主要副作用是吞咽困难和颈部和肩膀运动范围的损失。为了改善吞咽,我们安排了与言语治疗师的咨询,并要求患者在治疗前开始锻炼。在放射疗法之前与物理治疗师一起工作可以帮助减少颈部和肩部运动范围的损失。”

语言病理学家Vanessa Sifontes,CCC-SLP,CMLDT也正在与医生一起诊所,以帮助筛查患者,并在Tirr Memorial Memorial Hermann Hermann Otportient Rehabilitation的预居住计划中与他们联系,在德克萨斯医疗中心。Sifontes说:“预居住的目的是防止或减轻可能导致残疾的预期治疗问题的严重性。”“由于每个患者都有一个独特的故事,因此很难量化生存权,但我们确实知道,早期开始并遵守锻炼计划的患者的治疗后缺陷较少。”

除了外科淋巴水肿的评估外,TIRR纪念馆Hermann还为淋巴水肿患者提供完整的充血治疗,包括手动淋巴引流,皮肤护理,压缩绷带,治疗性锻炼,自我护理训练,自我护理训练以及患者和家庭教育。

卡尼博士说:“这是一项首要计划。”“我们正在beplay苹果手机能用吗进行的研究是通过向治疗师提供特定的个性化信息来直接影响患者的生活。通常情况下,在实验室完成工作需要数十年的时间才能转化为患者护理。”

After watching many people come in alone for chemotherapy, Kelly Jones has volunteered to provide support to other patients going through the experience. Looking back, he describes it as an incredible journey.

他说:“直到43岁,我才能抱怨,然后一夜之间改变了我的生活。”“现在我吃得健康,喝大量水,每天锻炼。我是幸运的人之一。我和我的妻子,我们已经结婚了30年,她在那里帮助我。我会回到赛车越野摩托车,因为我会很开心。我们现在生活在另一个世界。癌症无处不在。很多人没有像我那样获得第二次机会。我很幸运。癌症可能会出现好事。”


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